工业机器人是面向工业领域的多关节机械手或多自由度的机器装置，它能自动执行工作，是靠自身动力和控制能力来实现各种功能的一种机器。它可以接受人类指挥，也可以按照预先编排的程序运行，现代的工业机器人还可以根据人工智能技术制定的原则纲领行动。

Industrial robots are multi joint robotic arms or multi degree of freedom machine devices designed for the industrial field. They can automatically perform tasks and are machines that rely on their own power and control capabilities to achieve various functions. It can accept human commands or run according to pre arranged programs, and modern industrial robots can also act based on principles and guidelines formulated by artificial intelligence technology.

工业机器人是一种通过重复编程和自动控制，能够完成制造过程中某些操作任务的多功能、多自由度的机电一体化自动机械装备和系统，它结合制造主机或生产线，可以组成单机或多机自动化系统，在无人参与下，实现搬运、焊接、装配和喷涂等多种生产作业。

Industrial robots are multifunctional and multi degree of freedom electromechanical integrated automatic mechanical equipment and systems that can complete certain operational tasks in the manufacturing process through repetitive programming and automatic control. They can be combined with manufacturing hosts or production lines to form single or multi machine automation systems, and can achieve various production operations such as handling, welding, assembly, and spraying without human participation.

工业机器人技术和产业迅速发展，在生产中应用日益广泛，已成为现代制造生产中重要的高度自动化装备。自20世纪60年代初机器人在美国问世以来，工业机器人的研制和应用有了飞速的发展，但工业机器人显着的特点归纳有以下几个。

Industrial robot technology and industry are developing rapidly, and its application in production is becoming increasingly widespread. It has become an important highly automated equipment in modern manufacturing production. Since the emergence of robots in the United States in the early 1960s, the development and application of industrial robots have made rapid progress. However, the notable characteristics of industrial robots can be summarized as follows.

1、可编程。生产自动化的进一步发展是柔性自动化。工业机器人可随其工作环境变化的需要而再编程，因此它在小批量多品种具有均衡率的柔性制造过程中能发挥很好的功用，是柔性制造系统（FMS）中的一个重要组成部分。

1. Programmable. The further development of production automation is flexible automation. Industrial robots can be reprogrammed according to the changing needs of their working environment, so they can play a good role in balanced and efficient flexible manufacturing processes with small batches and multiple varieties, and are an important component of flexible manufacturing systems (FMS).

2、拟人化。工业机器人在机械结构上有类似人的行走、腰转、大臂、小臂、手腕、手爪等部分，在控制上有电脑。此外，智能化工业机器人还有许多类似人类的;生物传感器;，如皮肤型接触传感器、力传感器、负载传感器、视觉传感器、声觉传感器、语言功能等。传感器提高了工业机器人对周围环境的自适应能力。

2. Personification. Industrial robots have mechanical structures similar to human walking, waist rotation, large arms, forearms, wrists, claws, and other parts, and are controlled by computers. In addition, there are many intelligent industrial robots that are similar to humans; Biosensors;, Such as skin type contact sensors, force sensors, load sensors, visual sensors, acoustic sensors, language functions, etc. Sensors enhance the adaptive ability of industrial robots to the surrounding environment.

3、通用性。除了专门设计的专用的工业机器人外，一般工业机器人在执行不同的作业任务时具有较好的通用性。比如，更换工业机器人手部末端操作器（手爪、工具等）便可执行不同的作业任务。

3. Universality. In addition to specially designed industrial robots, general industrial robots have good versatility when performing different job tasks. For example, replacing the end effector of an industrial robot's hand (claw, tool, etc.) can perform different job tasks.

4、机电一体化。工业机器人技术涉及的学科相当广泛，但是归纳起来是机械学和微电子学的结合;机电一体化技术。第三代智能机器人不仅具有获取外部环境信息的各种传感器，而且还具有记忆能力、语言理解能力、图像识别能力、推理判断能力等人工智能，这些都和微电子技术的应用，特别是计算机技术的应用密切相关。

4. Mechatronics integration. Industrial robot technology involves a wide range of disciplines, but can be summarized as a combination of mechanics and microelectronics; Mechatronics integration technology. The third-generation intelligent robots not only have various sensors to obtain external environmental information, but also have artificial intelligence such as memory ability, language comprehension ability, image recognition ability, reasoning and judgment ability, which are closely related to the application of microelectronics technology, especially computer technology. Therefore, the development of robotics technology will inevitably drive the development of other technologies, and the development and application level of robotics technology can also verify the development and level of a country's science, 

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